Effects of adenosine triphosphate, Lacidipine, and Benidipine on 5-fluorouracil-induced kidney damage in rats.

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, the protective effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Benidipine, and Lacidipine on potential kidney damage induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were investigated in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 48 rats were divided into 8 groups: healthy (HG), 5-FU (FUG), ATP+5-FU (AFU), Benidipine+5-FU (BFU), Lacidipine+5-FU (LFU), ATP+Benidipine+5-FU (ABFU), ATP+Lacidipine+5-FU (ALFU) and Benidipine+Lacidipine+5-FU (BLFU). In a 10-day period, ATP (4 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally, and Benidipine (4 mg/kg) and Lacidipine (4 mg/kg) were administered orally once a day. On days 1, 3, and 5, 5-FU (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally one hour after the drug was administered. Afterward, the rats were euthanized, and kidney tissues were removed. An analysis of malondialdehyde, total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase was performed on tissues, as well as a histopathological examination. A creatinine and blood urea nitrogen analysis were performed on blood samples. RESULTS: It was revealed that 5-FU decreased the amount of total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in rat kidney tissues and increased malondialdehyde. Further, increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, as well as histopathological examination of kidney tissues, were found in the 5-FU group. ATP+Benidipine and ATP treatments were the most effective in preventing both biochemical and histopathological changes induced by 5-FU. A treatment with Benidipine improved biochemical and histopathologic data, but not to the same extent as a treatment with ATP+Benidipine and ATP. As a result of Lacidipine+ATP combination, 5-FU-induced biochemical changes in kidney tissue were partially inhibited, but the degree of histopathologic damage remained unchanged. Neither Benidipine+Lacidipine nor Lacidipine showed a protective effect on both biochemical changes and histopathologic damage. CONCLUSIONS: It may be possible to prevent nephrotoxicity by adding ATP + Benidipine or ATP to 5-FU treatment.

The effect of thermomechanical aging on the retention of a conometric system in a chewing simulator.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the retention force of a novel conometric system after thermomechanical aging. In addition, the conometric system's retention force was compared with that of the cemented implant-retained crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two systems to retain implant crowns were tested in this study: a conometric system and a cement-retained system. Forty-eight zirconia crowns were fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology. Twenty-four zirconia crowns were cemented onto conometric caps with resin-modified glass ionomer cement, which were then connected with abutments. These specimens were divided into three groups, and each group was subjected to the pull-out test. A-control group: 12 specimens directly subjected to pull-out test; A-aged group: 12 specimens subjected to thermomechanical aging followed by pull-out test; A-repeat group: After the pull-out, the specimens in the aging group (A-aged) were reconnected, and the pull-out test was repeated once more. The remaining 24 zirconia crowns were cemented on standard abutments with zinc phosphate cement, and two groups were formed. C-control group: 12 specimens directly subjected to the pull-out test; C-aged group: 12 specimens subjected to thermomechanical aging followed by pull-out. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the surfaces of caps and abutments. To analyze the data, repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni tests were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean retention force value of the A-control group was 148.22 ± 16.37 N. The highest mean retention force value was measured in the A-aged group (204.93 ± 51.67 N), and the lowest mean retention force value was seen in the A-repeated group (77.02 ± 21.48 N). Thermomechanical aging had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on both systems. No significant differences in retention force were found between the thermomechanical aged groups of both systems (p > 0.05). SEM analysis revealed that aging had an impact on the surface of the conometric system's caps and abutments. CONCLUSIONS: The retention force of the conometric system increased significantly following thermomechanical aging. No crown separation occurred during the thermomechanical aging of the conometric system. There was no significant difference in the retention of the conometric and cemented systems after thermomechanical aging.

Fertility protective effect of taxifolin in cisplatin-induced ovarian damage.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effect of taxifolin on ovarian damage and reproductive dysfunction created by cisplatin administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 36 albino Wistar female adult rats were equally divided into 3 groups as cisplatin administered only (CIS), taxifolin+cisplatin (T+C) and healthy control group (HG). Taxifolin 50 mg/kg was administered orally by gavage in the T+C (n=12) group. In the HG (n=12) and CIS (n=12) groups, the same volume of distilled water as a solvent was orally administered. One hour after administration of taxifolin or distilled water, animals in the T+C and CIS groups were injected with cisplatin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally. This procedure was repeated once a day for 14 days. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on day 15, and their ovaries were removed for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total Glutathione (tGSH), Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-kB), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured. The remaining animals (n=6 in each group) were kept in the laboratory with mature male rats for two months to breed. RESULTS: CIS administration led to an increase in inflammatory molecules and membrane lipid peroxidation products, and decreased the synthesis of antioxidant molecules. Compared to the CIS group, the ovarian tissue MDA, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly decreased in the T+C group (p<0.001 for all comparisons). On the other hand, the tGSH levels of the T+C group were significantly higher than the CIS group (p<0.001). Milder ovarian necrosis, fibrosis and follicle damage were detected in animals which were given taxifolin. Four out of the six rats (67%) treated with taxifolin gave birth within 27 days. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated, for the first time, that taxifolin ameliorates cisplatin-induced ovarian injury by decreasing MDA and proinflammatory cytokines and increasing the antioxidant enzyme. The fact that more than half of the animals receiving taxifolin became pregnant suggests that the cytoprotective effect of taxifolin is strong enough to preserve fertility.

Effect of pycnogenol on ethanol-related oxidative retinal injury: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed at determining the protective effects of Pycnogenol on ethanol-induced retinotoxicity in an experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: an untreated healthy control (HC group), a group in which only ethanol was daily administered for six weeks (EtOH group), and a group in which ethanol + 40 mg/kg Pycnogenol was daily administered orally for six weeks (PEtOH group). The same volume (0.5 ml) of distilled water as solvent was applied in the same manner to the rats in the HC and EtOH groups. With the rats in the PEtOH and EtOH groups, 32% ethanol at a dose of 5 g/kg was administered by oral gavage one hour after the application of pycnogenol or distilled water. At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples were obtained for biochemical examination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (tGSH) levels, and afterwards, the eyes were removed for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluations in the EtOH group showed significant destruction of retinal tissue with marked edema, decomposition and degeneration in layers, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, dilatation and congestion in blood vessels. However, it was observed that MDA values increased and tGSH values decreased in the EtOH group. In the PEtOH group, MDA values decreased and GSH values increased. Again, degenerative changes were considerably less in this group. CONCLUSIONS: In the light of biochemical markers and histopathological evaluations, it was observed that ethanol exposure caused a significant degeneration in the retinal tissue. It was found that Pycnogenol administration significantly reduced the destructive effects seen histopathologically. Biochemical results also coincided with other findings. It was concluded that ethanol-induced rethytosis can be prevented to a large extent by Pycnogenol administration.

The protective effect of lycopene against oxidative kidney damage associated with combined use of isoniazid and rifampicin in rats.

It is known that the combined use of antibiotics, such as isoniazid and rifampicin, in the treatment of tuberculosis causes oxidative kidney damage. The aim of this study was to biochemically and histopathologically investigate the effect of lycopene on oxidative kidney damage due to the administration of isoniazid and rifampicin in albino Wistar male rats. Lycopene at a dose of 5 mg/kg was orally administered to lycopene+isoniazid+rifampicin (LIR) rats, and normal sunflower oil (0.5 mL) was orally administered to isoniazid+rifampicin (IR) and healthy control (HG) rats as vehicle by gavage. One hour after the administration of lycopene and vehicle, 50 mg/kg isoniazid and rifampicin were given orally to the LIR and IR groups. This procedure was performed once a day for 28 days. Rats were sacrificed by a high dose of anesthesia at the end of this period, and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were measured in the removed kidney tissues. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured in blood samples, and kidney tissues were also evaluated histopathologically. The combined administration of isoniazid and rifampicin changed the oxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of oxidants, and it increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, which are indicators of kidney function. Co-administration of isoniazid and rifampicin also caused oxidative kidney damage. Lycopene biochemically and histopathologically decreased oxidative kidney damage induced by isoniazid and rifampicin administration. These results suggested that lycopene may be beneficial in the treatment of nephrotoxicity due to isoniazid and rifampicin administration.

The protective effect of lycopene against oxidative kidney damage associated with combined use of isoniazid and rifampicin in rats

It is known that the combined use of antibiotics, such as isoniazid and rifampicin, in the treatment of tuberculosis causes oxidative kidney damage. The aim of this study was to biochemically and histopathologically investigate the effect of lycopene on oxidative kidney damage due to the administration of isoniazid and rifampicin in albino Wistar male rats. Lycopene at a dose of 5 mg/kg was orally administered to lycopene+isoniazid+rifampicin (LIR) rats, and normal sunflower oil (0.5 mL) was orally administered to isoniazid+rifampicin (IR) and healthy control (HG) rats as vehicle by gavage. One hour after the administration of lycopene and vehicle, 50 mg/kg isoniazid and rifampicin were given orally to the LIR and IR groups. This procedure was performed once a day for 28 days. Rats were sacrificed by a high dose of anesthesia at the end of this period, and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were measured in the removed kidney tissues. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured in blood samples, and kidney tissues were also evaluated histopathologically. The combined administration of isoniazid and rifampicin changed the oxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of oxidants, and it increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, which are indicators of kidney function. Co-administration of isoniazid and rifampicin also caused oxidative kidney damage. Lycopene biochemically and histopathologically decreased oxidative kidney damage induced by isoniazid and rifampicin administration. These results suggested that lycopene may be beneficial in the treatment of nephrotoxicity due to isoniazid and rifampicin administration.

Protective effect of adenosine triphosphate against sunitinib-related skin damage in rats.

Cutaneous side effects associated with sunitinib use are a major problem in patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against possible skin damage resulting from sunitinib use in rats. Thirty Albino Winstar rats were divided into the following three groups: healthy controls (HCs, n = 10), sunitinib (SUN, n = 10), and sunitinib + ATP (SAT, n = 10). ATP was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg. One hour subsequent to the administration of ATP and 0.9% NaCl, the SAT and SUN groups were orally administered a dose of 25 mg/kg sunitinib to the stomach. Macroscopic evaluation of the skin indicated lower levels of skin damage in the SAT group than in the SUN group. As an indicator of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher in the SUN group than in the HC group, while total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly lower. However, MDA, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly lower in the SAT group than in the SUN group, while tGSH and TAS levels were significantly higher. Histopathological examination revealed keratin plugs with edema, vasopathology, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the SUN group. The SAT group showed less necrotic epithelium, keratin plugs, edema, and vasopathology than the SUN group. ATP can be effective in preventing skin damage caused by sunitinib use by reducing oxidative stress.

The effect of adenosine triphosphate on sunitinib-induced cardiac injury in rats.

In this study, we aimed to show the effect of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on sunitinib-induced cardiac injury in rats. The rats (n = 30) were divided equally into three groups as sunitinib group (SG), sunitinib plus ATP group (SAG), and healthy group (HG); 2 mg/kg ATP was injected intraperitoneally (ip) to the SAG group. Same volume normal saline as solvent was administered ip to the other two groups. After 1 h, 25 mg/kg sunitinib was applied orally via catheter to stomach in the SAG and SG groups. This procedure was repeated once daily for 5 weeks. At the end of this period, all animals were sacrificed and their cardiac tissue was removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) levels in rats' cardiac tissues and troponin I (Tp-I) levels in rats' blood samples were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was also performed in cardiac tissues of the animals. MDA, TNF-α, NF-κB, and Tp-I levels were higher in the SG group compared to the SAG and HG groups (p < 0.001). tGSH levels of the SG group were lower than the SAG and HG groups (p < 0.001). The structure and morphology of cardiac muscle fibers and blood vessels were normal in the control group. In the SG group, obvious cardiac muscle tissue damage with dilated myofibers, locally atrophic myofibers, and congested blood vessels were observed. In the SAG group, marked amelioration in these findings was observed. We showed this for the first time that ATP administration exerts a protective effect against cardiac effects of sunitinib.

The negative effect of desflurane on reproductive capacity in female rats.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of desflurane on reproductive capacity in female rats through a study of biochemical evaluations. METHOD: After experimental procedure, the blood samples of female rats were collected, and the malondialdehyde, interleukin­1­beta, total glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. In addition to biochemical evaluations, the reproductive performance of the experimental groups was also examined. RESULTS: The results of our study demonstrated that in blood samples of desflurane­treated groups of rats, the parameters indicating oxidative stress and inflammation increased, and antioxidant parameters decreased (p < 0.05). It was also proven that repeated desflurane doses caused infertility in female rats, prolonged the gestation period and reduced the number of offspring. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that recurrent desflurane application can cause infertility problems through oxidative stress in female rats (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 25).

The ameliorative effect of lutein on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to investigate biochemical and histopathological effects of lutein on the ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species and cytokines have a very important role in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. Lutein and its derivatives may show an anti-inflammatory effect in relation to the decrease in inflammatory cytokines and increase in antioxidant enzymes. METHODS: Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into three groups before surgery as follows: I/R group (IRG; n = 6), 1 mg/kg lutein + I/R group (LIRG; n = 6), and a healthy control group scheduled for a sham operation (SG; n = 6). The condition of ovarian ischemia was created by vascular clips. After two hours, the ovary was reperfused. Then, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels were examined in ovary tissues of rats. RESULTS: As the results of our study demonstrated, in ovarian tissues of animals after I/R, there was an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase-2, while total glutathione and cyclooxygenase-1 were decreased. At the same time, it has been observed however that these ratios are reversed in the LIRG group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lutein ameliorates the I/R-induced ovarian injury in rats by its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities (Fig. 2, Ref. 39).

Efficacy comparison of oral rosuvastatin versus oral progesterone and bevacizumab on regression of surgically endometriotic implants in rats.

This study hypothesizes that oral rosuvastatin, oral dienogest and intraperitoneal bevacizumab might improve endometriosis in randomly selected female Wistar albino rats with surgically endometriotic implants. Thirty female Wistar albino rats with surgically endometriotic implants were randomized into three treatment groups: oral rosuvastatin (20 mg kg/day; oral rosuvastatin group 1; n = 10), oral progesterone (dienogest group 2; n = 10) and intraperitoneal bevacizumab (2.5 mg/kg of single intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab; bevacizumab group 3; n = 10), for 10 days. Post-treatment variables were compared. The oral rosuvastatin group showed higher reduction for the glandular epithelium and uterine vessels of histopathological scores values than the oral progesterone group (both, p < 0.017, respectively). The median glandular epithelium and uterine vessels and histopathological scores values did not show a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (p > 0.017). Endometrial thickness values and uterine volume values were more significantly reduced in the oral rosuvastatin group than the oral progesterone group (both, p < 0.017, respectively). Moreover, endometrial thickness and uterine volume values were not different in groups wecompared with group 3 (p > 0.017). In conclusion, oral rosuvastatin and intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab may cause more significant regression of surgically endometriotic implants in rats than oral progesterone medications.

Prevention of infertility induced by ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury by benidipine in rats: Biochemical, gene expression, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: Benidipine has been reported to prevent the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in heart tissue and to suppress oxidant and proinflammatory cytokine production, increased by I/R. However, There was no information about the effects of benidipine on I/R injury in the ovary and the damage of I/R-induced infertility. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of benidipine on bilateral ovarian I/R injury and whether or not effective in the treatment of I/R-induced infertility in rats. METHOD: Forty-eight females, albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: IRC group (ovarian I/R group, n=12), IRB-2 group (ovarian I/R+2mg/kg benidipine group, n=12), IRB-4 group (ovarian I/R+4mg/kg benidipine group, n=12) and HG group (healthy group with sham operation, n=12). In IRB-2 and IRB-4 groups, two hours ischemia and two hours reperfusion was performed following orally benidipine administration. After this I/R procedure, 6 rats from each group performed bilateral overectomy. Ovarian levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (tGSH), ovarian gene expressions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and also apoptosis were evaluated. The other 6 rats from each group were put in together with six male rats in separated cages for 2 months in order to reproduce. During this period, rats which did not become pregnant were accepted as infertile. RESULTS: MDA levels, expressions of TNF-α and IL-1ß in IRC group were significantly higher than in the SGA group and tGSH was decreased. In total, 4mg/kg benidipine has better prevented ovaries from the increase of oxidants and proinflammatory cytokines, the decrease of antioxidants than 2mg/kg benedipine. In the histopathological examination hemorrhage, congestion, follicle degeneration, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis were seen in ovarian tissue of IRC group. Only dilated and congested blood vessels were found in the IRB-2 group. No histopathological finding was encountered in the IRB-4 group. I/R caused infertility in rats. In total, 4mg/kg benidipine prevented from infertility better than the dose of 2mg/kg benedipine. CONCLUSION: In total, 4mg/kg benidipine reduced I/R injury and I/R-related infertility more significantly compared to 2mg/kg benedipine in rat ovaries.

Mean platelet volume could be a possible biomarker for papillary thyroid carcinomas.

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine cancer and is evident in nearly 5% of thyroid nodules. The correlation between mean platelet volume (MPV) and many other cancer types has been investigated previously. However, the correlation between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and MPV has not yet been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to examine whether MPV would be a useful inflammatory marker to differentiate PTC patients from cases of benign goiter and healthy controls. Preoperative MPV levels in patients with PTC were found to be significantly higher when compared with benign goiter patients and healthy controls ((respectively, 8.05 femtoliter (fl), 7.57 fl, 7.36 fl, p=0.001). After surgical treatment of PTC patients, a significant decrease in MPV levels was seen (8.05 fl versus 7.60 fl, p=0.005). ROC analysis suggested 7.81 as the cut-off value for MPV (AUC=0.729, sensitivity 60%, specificity 80%). In conclusion, maybe changes in MPV levels can be used as an easily available biomarker for monitoring the risk of PTC in patients with thyroid nodules, enabling early diagnosis of PTC.

The effects of thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate on alcohol-induced hepatic damage biomarkers in rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate on oxidative damage developing in association with hepatic injury caused by alcohol toxicity in rats and on hepatic injury markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four groups of rats were used; control, a group receiving thiamine+ethanol, a group receiving thiamine pyrophosphate+ethanol and a healthy group. The experimental protocol was repeated over 30 days. Malondialdehyde, glutathione and DNA damage product levels in liver tissue were measured at the end of the study. Alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase, markers of liver damage, levels were determined. The results were then compared among the groups. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference between antioxidant markers and markers of liver damage was determined between the group given thiamine pyrophosphate ethanol and the group given ethanol alone (p < 0.01) No statistically significant difference was observed between the group given thiamine and ethanol and the group given ethanol alone (p > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that thiamine pyrophosphate may have a protective effect against liver damage caused by alcohol toxicity.

Increased pulse wave velocity and relationship with inflammation, insulin, and insulin resistance in inflammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVE: Both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by chronic, progressive inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shed new light on the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement and biochemical parameters in inactive and active IBD patients without cardiovascular risk factors and perform a comparison with the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 102 IBD patients without cardiovascular risk factors and 74 matched controls, and evaluated each patient in active and inactive disease periods. All patients completed a standard questionnaire form and we assessed various laboratory parameters. We carried out vascular measurements using a Mobil-O-Graph 24-h pulse wave analysis monitor, an automatic oscillometric device. RESULTS: Although cardiovascular risk factors, such as total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were significantly lower (P<0.05) in IBD patients than the controls, 24 h, day and night PWV values, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and homocysteine were higher in patients with active and inactive IBD than the controls (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that PWV was correlated positively with age and duration of IBD. CONCLUSION: This study showed increased PWV, homocysteine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in patients with active and inactive IBD and provides evidence of the potential contribution of inflammation and inflammation-related factors toward arterial stiffening independent from conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

The prevention of ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative damage by venous blood in rabbit kidneys monitored with biochemical, histopatological and immunohistochemical analysis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of venous blood on ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative DNA damage and mutation in rabbit kidneys in comparison to melatonin treatment, which has a known protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. The rabbits were divided into five groups: renal ischemia (RI), renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR), renal ischemia-venous blood-reperfusion (RIVR), melatonin + renal ischemia-reperfusion (MRIR), and the healthy sham control group (HG). Melatonin (2.5 mg/kg delivered intraperitoneally) was administered one hour prior to ischemia. In the RIVR group, 1 ml of venous blood was administered 5 minutes before the reperfusion. The xanthine oxidase activity in the kidney tissue was determined as 53.50 ± 1.72, 31.00 ± 6.39, 45.66 ± 9.20, 28.66 ± 6.05 and 14.33 ± 1.28 U/g protein; the MDA levels were 6.32 ± 0.02, 19.50 ± 1.33, 7.00 ± 0.96, 7.50 ± 0.76 and 4.75 ± 0.34 mmol/g protein; and the GSH levels were 4.50 ± 1.08, 2.76 ± 0.13, 5.48 ± 0.22, 4.93 ± 0.55 and 6.98 ± 0.33 nmol/g protein in the RI, RIR, RIVR, MRIR and HG groups, respectively. Blood, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were classified as high only in the RIR group. The MRIR and RIVR groups, in which oxidative stress was best suppressed, had much milder histopathological and immunohistochemical findings compared to the RIR group. This study has revealed that it is useful to initiate reperfusion of the ischemic tissue with venous blood.

An investigation of the effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat brain tissue compared with thiamine: thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate effects on cisplatin neurotoxicity.

This study investigated the effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg on oxidative stress induced in rat brain tissue with cisplatin and compared this with thiamine. Cisplatin neurotoxicity represents one of the main restrictions on the drug being given in effective doses. Oxidative stress is considered responsible for cisplatin toxicity. Our results showed that cisplatin increased the levels of oxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation (thio barbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS)) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in brain tissue and suppressed the effects of antioxidants such as total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). TPP, especially at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, significantly reduced TBARS and MPO levels that increase with cisplatin administration compared with the thiamine group, while TPP significantly increases GSH and SOD levels. In addition, the level of 8-Gua (guanine), a product of DNA damage, was 1.7 ± 0.12 8-hydroxyl guanine (8-OH Gua)/105 Gua in brain tissue in the control group receiving cisplatin, compared with 0.97 ± 0.03 8-OH Gua/105 Gua in the thiamine pyrophosphate (20 mg/kg) group and 1.55 ± 0.11 8-OH Gua/105 Gua in the thiamine (20 mg/kg) group. These results show that thiamine pyrophosphate significantly prevents oxidative damage induced by cisplatin in brain tissue, while the protective effect of thiamine is insignificant.

Nigella sativa as a potential therapy for the treatment of lung injury caused by cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model in rats.

We investigated the potential protective effects of Nigella sativa (NS) on mortality, serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and histopathological changes in lung tissues, in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model in rats. Sepsis induction by CLP, determination of serum cytokine levels by ELISA, spectrophotometric determination of oxidative stress parameters, and histological examination of lung tissues. The rat groups were: 1) CLP group, 2) sham group, 3) NS500-sham group, 4) NS125, 5) NS250, 6) NS500 groups. NS treatment significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum; LPO level, MPO activity, and pathological changes in lung tissues, in CLP-induced sepsis, while significantly increasing GSH levels and SOD activity in the lung tissue. NS treatment after CLP potentially reduced mortality and may exert effects through the reduction in tissue oxidative stress and serum cytokines. The histopathological changes were minimized in lung tissue by NS, under sepsis conditions. We can suggest that NS reverses the systemic inflammatory reaction to polymicrobial sepsis and thereby reduces multiple organ failure. It may be suggested that role of the NS ethanolic extract in preventing formation of CLP induced sepsis, is due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the different compounds of the black seeds.

Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovarian tissue with the on-off method.

Ischemia is defined as cell death caused by insufficient perfusion of the tissue due to reduction in arterial or venous blood flow, depletion of cellular energy storages, and accumulation of toxic metabolites. The positive effects of controlled reperfusion are known and are used clinically. But the positive effects of controlled reperfusion on ovarian tissue have not been seen in the literature yet. The biochemical and histopathological comparative investigation of rat ovaries that were experimentally exposed to ischemia (IG), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and ischemia-controlled reperfusion (ICR) was aimed. Forty rats were divided into four groups (10 rats per group). First group: 3 h ischemia by vascular clips on ovarian tissue. Second group: 3 h ischemia + 1 h reperfusion. Third group: 3 h ischemia + 1 h controlled reperfusion (on-off method: controlled reperfusion by opening and closing the clips (on/off) in 10-second intervals, for 5 times for a total of 100 seconds). Fourth group: healthy rats. Biochemical (tGSH, MDA, and DNA damage level and SOD activity) and histopathological analysis were performed. The highest glutathione and superoxide dismutase measurements were found in ischemia/controlled reperfusion group among the ischemia or ischemia/reperfusion groups. Similarly the damage indicators (malondialdehyde, DNA damage level and histopathological damage grade) were the lowest in ischemia/controlled reperfusion group. These results indicate that controlled reperfusion can be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia for various reasons (ovarian torsion, tumor, etc.).

The influence of the pure metal components of four different casting alloys on the electrochemical properties of the alloys.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the pure metal components of the four different casting alloys on the corrosion behaviors of these alloys tested. METHODS: Potentiodynamic polarization tests were carried out on four different types of casting alloys and their pure metals at 37 degrees C in an artificial saliva solution. The ions released from the alloys into the solutions during the polarization test were also determined quantitatively using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS: Ni-Cr (M1) and Co-Cr (M2) alloys had a more homogenous structure than palladium based (M3) and gold based (M4) alloys in terms of the pitting potentials of the casting alloys and those of the pure metals composing the alloys. The total ion concentration released from M3 and M4 was less than from M1 and M2. This may be because M3 and M4 alloys contained noble metals. It was also found that the noble metals in the M3 and M4 samples decreased the current density in the anodic branch of the potentiodynamic polarization curves. In other words, noble metals contributed positively to dental materials. SIGNIFICANCE: Corrosion resistance of the casting alloys can be affected by the pure metals they are composed of. Au and Pd based noble alloys dissolved less than Ni-Cr and Co-Cr based alloys.